GERMAN LANGUAGE

Start Deutsche 1

This course is specially prepared for candidates who want to travel Germany in spouse case. Course has been prepared by experienced teachers according to requirements of candidates. So it is very easy and flexible for our class base and online students too.

The six countries that have German as their official language are following:

Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg and Liechtenstein.

German Basic Notes

1.    ALPHABETs

a	ah	j	yoht	s	ess
b	bay	k	kah	t	tay
c	tsay	l	el	u	oo
d	day	m	em	v	fow
e	ay	n	en	w	vay
f	eff	o	oh	x	eeks
g	gay	p	pay	y	irp-se-lon
h	hah	q	koo	z	tset
i	ee	r	ehr

1.    DAYS OF THE WEEK / DIE TAGE

Monday	Montag	mohn-tahk
Tuesday	Dienstag	deens-tahk
Wednesday	Mittwoch	mit-vock
Thursday	Donnerstag	don-ers-tahk
Friday	Freitag	fry-tahk
Saturday	Samstag	zahms-tahk
Sunday	Sonntag	zon-tahk

1.    MONTHS OF THE YEAR / DIE MONATE

January	Januar	yah-noo-ahr
February	Februar	fay-broo-ahr
March	März	mehrts
April	April	ah-pril
May	Mai	my
June	Juni	yoo-nee
July	Juli	yoo-lee
August	August	ow-goost
September	September	zehp-tehm-ber
October	Oktober	ok-toh-ber
November	November	no-vehm-ber
December	Dezember	deh-tsem-ber

1.    NUMBERS / DIE NUMMERN

0	null	nool
1	eins	ines	1st	erste
2	zwei	tsvy	2nd	zweite
3	drei	dry	3rd	dritte
4	vier	feer	4th	vierte
5	fünf	fewnf	5th	fünfte
6	sechs	zecks	6th	sechste
7	sieben	zee-bun	7th	siebte
8	acht	ahkht	8th	achte
9	neun	noyn	9th	neunte
10	zehn	tsayn	10th	zehnte
11	elf	elf	11th	elfte
12	zwölf	tsvurlf	12th	zwölfte
13	dreizehn	dry-tsayn	13th	dreizehnte
14	vierzehn	feer-tsayn	14th	vierzehnte
15	fünfzehn	fewnf-tsayn	15th	fünfzehnte
16	sechzehn	zeck-tsayn	16th	sechzehnte
17	siebzehn	zeep-tsayn	17th	siebzehnte
18	achtzehn	ahkh-tsayn	18th	achtzehnte
19	neunzehn	noyn-tsayn	19th	neunzehnte
20	zwanzig	tsvahn-tsikh	20th	zwanzigste
21	einundzwanzig	ine-oont-tsvahn-tsikh	21st	einundzwanzigste
22	zweiundzwanzig	tsvy-oont-tsvahn-tsikh	22nd	zweiundzwanzigste
23	dreiundzwanzig	dry-oont-tsvahn-tsikh	23rd	dreiundzwanzigste
24	vierundzwanzig	feer-oont-tsvahn-tsikh	24th	vierundzwanzigste
30	dreißig	dry-sikh	30th	dreißigste
40	vierzig	feer-tsikh	40th	vierzigste
50	fünfzig	fewnf-tsikh	50th	fünfzigste
60	sechzig	zekh-tsikh	60th	sechzigste
70	siebzig	zeep-tsikh	70th	siebzigste
80	achtzig	ahkh-tsikh	80th	achtzigste
90	neunzig	noyn-tsikh	90th	neunzigste
100	(ein)hundert	ine-hoon-duhrt
1,000	(ein)tausend	ine-tow-zuhnt

1	21	41	61	81
Eins	Einundzwanzig	Einundvierzig	Einundsechzig	Einundachtzig
2	22	42	62	82
Zwei	Zweiundzwanzig	Zweiundvierzig	Zweiundsechzig	Zweiundachtzig
3	23	43	63	83
Drei	Dreiundzwanzig	Dreiundvierzig	Dreiundsechzig	Dreiundachtzig
4	24	44	64	84
Vier	Vierundzwanzig	Vierundvierzig	Vierundsechzig	Vierundachtzig
5	25	45	65	85
Fünf	Fünfundzwanzig	Fünfundvierzig	Fünfundsechzig	Fünfundachtzig
6	26	46	66	86
Sechs	Sechsundzwanzig	Sechsundvierzig	Sechsundsechzig	Sechsundachtzig
7	27	47	67	87
Sieben	Siebenundzwanzig	Siebenundvierzig	Siebenundsechzig	Siebenundachtzig
8	28	48	68	88
Acht	Achtundzwanzig	Achtundvierzig	Achtundsechzig	Achtundachtzig
9	29	49	69	89
Neun	Neunundzwanzig	Neunundvierzig	Neunundsechzig	Neunundachtzig
10	30	50	70	90
Zehn	Dreiβig	Fünfzig	Siebzig	Neunzig
11	31	51	71	91
Elf	Einunddreiβig	Einundfünfzig	Einundsiebzig	Einundneunzig
12	32	52	72	92
Zwölf	Zweiunddreiβig	Zweiundfünfzig	Zweiundsiebzig	Zweiundneunzig
13	33	53	73	93
Dreizehn	Dreiunddreiβig	Dreiundfünfzig	Dreiundsiebzig	Dreiundneunzig
14	34	54	74	94
Vierzehn	Vierunddreiβig	Vierundfünfzig	Vierundsiebzig	Vierundneunzig
15	35	55	75	95
Fünfzehn	Fünfunddreiβig	Fünfundfünfzig	Fünfundsiebzig	Fünfundneunzig
16	36	56	76	96
Sechzehn	Sechsunddreiβig	Sechsundfünfzig	Sechsundsiebzig	Sechsundneunzig
17	37	57	77	97
Siebzehn	Siebenunddreiβig	Siebenundfünfzig	Siebenundsiebzig	Siebenundneunzig
18	38	58	78	98
Achtzehn	Achtunddreiβig	Achtundfünfzig	Achtundsiebzig	Achtundneunzig
19	39	59	79	99
Neunzehn	Neununddreiβig	Neunundfünfzig	Neunundsiebzig	Neunundneunzig
20	40	60	80	100
Zwanzig	Vierzig	Sechzig	Achtzig	Einhundert

German question words

1	Vocabulary	Pronunciation	Translation
2	Was?	Vahs?	What?
3	Wie?	Vee?	How?
4	Wann?	Vahn?	When?
5	Wo?	Voh?	Where?
6	Warum?	Vah-ROOM?	Why?
7	Wer?	Vehr?	Who?
8	Seit wann?	Ziyt vahn?	Since when?
9	Wie lange?	Vee LAHN-guh?	How long?
10	Welche?	VEHL-schuh?	Which?
11	Woher	vo-hair	where from
12	wieviel	Vee feel	How much
13	wieviele	Vee feelay	How many
14	Wohin?	Vo-hihn?	Where to?

COUNTRIES AND LANGUAGES

English	German
America	Amerika
American language	amerikanische Sprache
Austria
Austria	Österreich
Austrian language	österreichische Sprache
England
England	England
English language	englische Sprache
France
France	Frankreich
French language	französische Sprache
Germany
Germany	Deutschland
German language	deutsche Sprache
Italy
Italy	Italien
Italian language	italienische Sprache
in Italian	auf Italienisch
Poland
Poland	Polen
Polish language	polnische Sprache
Russia
Russia	Russland
Russian language	russische Sprache
Spain
Spain	Spanien
Spanish language	spanische Sprache
Switzerland
Switzerland	(die) Schweiz
Swiss language	schweizer Sprache

Professions
	Profession	Male	Female
1	Actor	Schauspieler	Schauspielerin
2	Bank clerk	Bankangestellter	Bankangestellte
3	Business(wo)man	Geschäftsmann	Geschäftsfrau
4	Car mechanic	Automechaniker	Automechanikerin
5	Chemist	Chemiker	Chemikerin
6	Doctor	Arzt	Ärztin
7	Engineer	Ingenieur	Ingenieurin
8	Farmer	Landwirt	Landwirtin
9	Hairdresser	Friseur	Friseurin
10	Journalist	Journalist	Journalistin
11	Lawyer	Rechtsanwalt	Rechtsanwältin
12	Lecturer	Dozent	Dozentin
13	Nurse	Krankenpfleger	Krankenpflegerin
14	Pensioner	Rentner	Rentnerin
15	Photographer	Fotograf	Fotografin
16	Politician	Politiker	Politikerin
17	Postman	Briefträger	Briefträgerin
18	Professor	Professor	Professorin
19	Salesperson	Verkäufer	Verkäuferin
20	Secretary	Sekretär	Sekretärin
21	Student	Student	Studentin
22	Taxi driver	Taxifahrer	Taxifahrerin
23	Teacher	Lehrer	Lehrerin
24	Waiter	Kellner	Kellnerin

Use of Verbs 

Sein (be, been) and  Haben ( to have)

The verbs sein (to be) and haben (to have) are two of the most common verbs in German and therefore you must memorize their forms. Sein and haben are the infinitive forms of the verbs.

Present Tense Forms:

1.    Sein (be, been)

	SINGULAR ich bin (I am) du bist (you are) er ist (he is) sie ist (she is) es ist (it is)
			PLURAL wir sind (we are) ihr seid (you are) sie sind (they are) Sie sind (you are)

	2. Haben ( to have)
	SINGULAR ich habe (I have) du hast (you have) er hat (he has) sie hat (she has )es hat (it has)		PLURAL wir haben (we have) ihr habt (you have) sie haben (they have) Sie haben (you have

70 Important Verbs

1. sein to be

2. haben to have

3. werden to become

4. können can, to be able to

5. müssen must, to have to

6. sagen to say

7. machen to do, make

8. geben to give

9. kommen to come

10. sollen should, ought to

11. wollen to want

12. gehen to go

13. wissen to know

14. sehen to see

15. lassen to let, allow, have done

16. stehen to stand

17. finden to find

18. bleiben to stay, remain

19. liegen to lie, be lying

20. heißen to be called

21. denken to think

22. nehmen to take

23. tun to do

24. dürfen may, to be allowed

25. glauben to believe

26. halten to stop, hold

27. nennen to name, to call (a name)

28. mögen to like

29. zeigen to show

30. führen to lead

31. sprechen to speak

32. bringen to bring, take

33. leben to live

34. fahren to drive, ride, go

35. fragen to ask

36. kennen to know

37. stellen to place, set

38. fehlen  be missing, to lack

39. helfen to help

40. spielen to play

41. arbeiten to work

42. brauchen to need

43. folgen to follow

44. lernen to learn

45. warten to wait

46. verstehen to understand

47. setzen to set, put, place

48. bekommen to get, receive

49. beginnen to begin

50. interessieren to interest

51. versuchen to try, attempt

52. schreiben to write

53. laufen, to run

54. erklären to explain

55. wohnen to live

56. sitzen to sit

57. ziehen to pull, move

58. schließen to close

59. fallen to fall

60. an·fangen to begin

61. lesen to read

62. reden to talk

63. treffen to meet

64. suchen to search, look for

65. legen to lay, put

66. bieten to offer

67. handeln to deal, trade

68. erreichen to achieve, reach

69. tragen to carry, wear

70. erzählen to narrate, tell

German Grammer (In Detail)

German cases

German cases are four: the nominative case (subject of the sentence); the accusative case (the direct object); the dative case (the indirect object), and the genitive case (possessive). Cases are not something strange to English, pronouns for example use a certain kind of cases, for example we say “he speaks”, and “give him” and not “give he”, did you see how “he” became “him” in the second example, well the same thing happens in German, the only difference is that in German it’s much more widely used, not only in pronouns, even nouns/ adjectives/ articles … use the same thing. The German case indicates the role of an element in a sentence.

German Nominative

 

The nominative is the easiest case in German and also the one dictionaries use as the standard form of nouns, adjectives, articles…and refers to the subject of the sentence. The teacher went to school, “The teacher” is the subject of the sentence, and therefore “The teacher” is nominative.

So it will take the nominative form in German, which is “Der Lehrer”.

Below is a table of some forms of Nominative, you will only know the difference when you will go through the 3 other cases (accusative, Dative, Genitive).

German Nominative Case
Definite Articles	Indefinite Articles	Personal Pronouns	Adjectives (masc., fem, neuter, plural)
Der, die, das, die (they all means the)	Ein, Eine, Ein (they all mean a, an)	Ich, du, er, sie, wir, ihr, sie. (I, you, he, she...)	Weißer, weiße, weißes, weiße (all these forms mean white)

These are just some examples to show the nominative form of some elements such as articles, pronouns, adjectives. Note that the nominative case can be used in a much wider scope such as in Nouns, interrogative pronouns…what comes next will help you notice the difference between Nominative and what the other 3 German cases.

 

German Accusative

 

Now we will learn the second case in German which is the accusative, the good news is that apart from the masculine, the other 2 genders + the plural (feminine, neuter and plural) look just like the Nominative. Now let’s learn what the accusative really is. The accusative case is considered the direct object. I see the teacher, “the teacher” is the direct object of the sentence, and therefore would take the accusative form, and since “the teacher” is masculine it will become in German “den Lehrer” and not “der Lehrer” as in the nominative case. I see the teacher = Ich sehe den Lehrer.

German Accusative Case
Definite Articles	Indefinite Articles	Personal Pronouns	Adjectives (masc., fem, neuter, plural)
Den, die, das, die (they all means the)	Einen, Eine, Ein (they all mean a, an)	mich, dich, ihn, sie, uns, euch (to you), sie. (me, you, him, her...)	Weißen, weiße, weißes, weiße (all these forms mean white)

Let’s get adjectives involved as well. I see the young teacher = ich sehe den jungen Lehrer. Young in German is jung, but since we’re using the accusative case, then the adjective should copy the article it follows, which is “den/ the” = masculine, so “den jungen”. If you look at the table above you will understand why we added “en” after the adjective “jung”.  Now let’s get personal pronouns involved. I see him = ich sehe ihn. Easy, isn’t it! 

German Dative

 

Now things will get serious because the dative case is very important in German, and it also changes in all the 3 genders + the plural (masculine, feminine, neuter and plural). But first let’s learn what the Dative means. The Dative in German is just like the indirect object in English, or in other words, it’s like the receiver of the direct object. So for example: I give the book to him, “I” is the subject of the sentence, “the book” is the direct object, and “him” is the receiver, therefore also called the indirect object, in which we’re interested when it comes to the dative case.

German Dative Case
Definite Articles	Indefinite Articles	Personal Pronouns	Adjectives (masc., fem, neuter)
Dem, der, dem, den (they all means to the)	Einem, Einer, Einem (they all mean to a, to an)	mir, dir, ihm, ihr, uns, euch, ihnen. (to me, to you, to him, to her...)	Weißen, weißen, weißen, weißen (all these forms mean to white)

Usually the equivalent of the dative case in English would include “to”, like our example above, I give the book to him, I send it to him, I show it to him… but in German that “to” is usually included in the expression used, for example “to him = ihm” “to the = dem” …so it’s not that complicated after all.

German Genitive

 

Finally we will learn the genitive in German. It’s not used as often as the other cases, but still has its own importance, because the genitive in German means possession, or in other words it means the expression “of…” or “’s”. The book of my teacher = das Buch meines Lehrers.

German Genitive Case
Definite Articles	Indefinite Articles	Personal Pronouns	Adjectives (masc., fem, neuter)
Des, der, des, der (they all means of the)	Eines, Einer, Eines (they all mean of a, of an)	mir, dir, ihm, ihr, uns, euch, ihnen. (to me, to you, to him, to her...)	Weißen, weißen, weißen, weiße (all these forms mean white)

Note that nouns in the masculine and neuter take an “s” at the end, as in our example: The book of my teacher = das Buch meines Lehrers.

Feminine and plural nouns don’t take any “s” at the end. More detailed information would be in the German Nouns page. Also you can check out the adjectives and articles page to see how they form in different cases with some examples. Good luck!

German Grammer (In Short)

Der

Rules:

MALES PERSONS, Animal, Days, Months, Seasons.      

Noun ending: el, er, ig, ismus, ling, or, in, ant, est, ich, us

Die

Rules:

FEMALE PERSONS, Animal, Numbers, Chemicals, Trees, Flowers, Fruits.

Noun ending: In, a, anz, ei, enz, heit, ie, ik, keit, schaft, sion, sos, tat, tion, ung,  ur.

                                                           Das

Rules:

NEUTER,Towns, Countries, Provinces, colors, Infinitives uses as nouns.

Noun ending:chen, icht, il, it, lein, ma, ment, tel, tum, um.

Noun referring to things that end in: in, al, an, ar, at, ent, ett, ier, iv, o, on, nis, sal.

1.      The girl is reading.                                         Subject (Nominative)

2.      We see the mountain.                                    Object (Accusative)

3.      I gave my mom a gift                                     in direct (Dative)

4.      The book of the girl.                                      Relation (Genative)

Grammar	Masculan (Male)	Feminine (Female)	Neuter (Neutral)	Plural
Nominative (Object)	Der eine	Die Eine	Das Ein	Die
Accusative (Subject)	Den Einen	Die Eine	Das Ein	Die
Dative (In direct)	Dem Einem	Der Einer	Dem Einem	Den
Genative (Relative) his, her	Des eines	Der einer	Des eines	Der

Basic Sentences

1 Hallo – Hello [any time of day

2 Hallo, wie geht’s? – Hello, how are you?

3 Guten Morgen – Good morning

4 Guten Tag [lit. good day] – Good afternoon

5 Guten Abend – Good evening

6 Gute Nacht – Good night

7 Vielen Dank – Thank you very much

8Ich danke Ihnen auch – Thank you, too

9 Tschüss, bis zum nächsten Mal – Goodbye, see you next time

10 Schönes Wetter heute, nicht wahr? – It's lovely weather today, is not it?

11 Mein Name ist _ – My name is _____

12 Ich bin Engländer (male) – I'm English

13 Ich bin Amerikanerin, (female) – I'm American

14 Woher kommen Sie? – Where are you from?

15 Freut mich – Nice to meet you!

16 Sorry, aber ich verstehe nicht – I'm sorry, but I do not understand

17Ich spreche nicht gut Deutsch – I do not speak German very well

18 Können Sie das bitte wiederholen? – Could you say that again please?

19 Können Sie bitte langsamer sprechen? – Could you say that more slowly please?

20Schreiben Sie das bitte für mich auf – Please write that down for me

21 Was bedeutet das? – What does that mean?

22 Sprechen Sie Englisch? – Do you speak English?

23 Es tut mir leid – I'm sorry

24 Ich weiß nicht – I do not know

25 In Ordnung – All right

26 Macht nichts – never mind

Model test to Start Deutsch 1

Exam Part                                               Time                        Points

Listening                           Part 1                                           Part 2                                           Part 3

20 Minutes

6 4 5 15 Points

Reading                       Part 1                                      Part 2                                      Part 3

25 Minutes

5 5 5 15 Points

Writing                         Part 1                                      Part 2

20 Minutes

5 10 15 Points

Speaking                     Part 1                                      Part 2                                      Part 3

15 Minutes

3 6 5 15 Points

                                                                Total                60

For passing the test you need:                                                

          At least 60% points = 36 / 60                                                               The points will multiplied 36 x 1.66 = 60

 (15 x 1.66 = 25)  (25 x 4 =100) points.

Vieviel Uhr ist es, Wie Spat ist es

What Time is it?

German	English
Nach	Past
vor	To
Viertel	Quarter
Halb	Half past
Kurz	Short past
1: 05    Es ist Funf Nach eins	1: 05    It is  Five minutes Past one
2: 10    Es ist zehn Nach zwei	2: 10    It is  Ten minutes Past Two
3: 15    Es ist Viertel Nach Drei	3: 15    It is  quarter Past Three
4: 20   Es ist  zehn vor halb funf	4: 20    It is  Ten minutes to Half Past four
5: 25    Es ist funf vor Halb Sechs	5: 25     It is  Five minutes to Half Past five
6: 30    Es ist Halb Sieben	6: 30    It is  Half Past Six
7: 35    Es ist Funf nach Halb Acht	7: 35  It is  Five minutes past Half past seven
8: 40    Es ist Zehn nach Halb Neun	8: 40   It is  Ten Minutes past Hast past eight
9: 45    Es ist Viertel vor Zehn	9: 45   It is  Quarter to Ten
10: 50    Es ist Zehn voor Elf	10: 50  It is  Ten minutes to Eleven
11: 55    Es ist Funf vor Zwolf	11: 55   It is five minutes to Twelve
12: 00   Es ist Zwolf Uhr	12: 00   It is  Twelve o’ Clock
1: 02   Es ist Kurz nach eins	1: 02   It is Short Past One
2: 58   Es ist Kurz vor Drei	2: 58   It is Short to Three

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Milan Tomic

Hi. I’m Designer of Blog Magic. I’m CEO/Founder of ThemeXpose. I’m Creative Art Director, Web Designer, UI/UX Designer, Interaction Designer, Industrial Designer, Web Developer, Business Enthusiast, StartUp Enthusiast, Speaker, Writer and Photographer. Inspired to make things looks better.

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